How to Prevent Rabies in Dogs and Cats

How to Prevent Rabies in Dogs and Cats

Rabies is a deadly viral disease that targets the nervous system of mammals, including pets like dogs and cats, as well as humans. Once symptoms develop, rabies is almost always fatal, making it a critical public health concern that has persisted for thousands of years.

In July 2024, the Minnesota Board of Animal Health reported 32 rabies cases across the state, marking a sharp rise from the 20 cases recorded during the same period last year. This increase, primarily driven by rabid skunks, has been most pronounced in southwest and central Minnesota.

“This is a significant increase compared to other years,” said Minnesota Department of Health epidemiologist Carrie Klumb. “This is not a normal year.”

What is Rabies?

Rabies is caused by a virus from the Lyssavirus genus. The virus affects the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological symptoms and, eventually, death. It is present in many parts of the world, with the notable exceptions of Australia, Antarctica, and several island nations that have maintained strict quarantine measures to remain rabies-free.

Transmission of Rabies

The rabies virus is primarily transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal via bites. It can also be transmitted through scratches or open wounds exposed to the saliva of an infected animal. In North America, common sources of rabies include skunks, raccoons, foxes, and bats.

Incubation Period

The incubation period for rabies, which is the time between exposure to the virus and the appearance of symptoms, can vary widely. In dogs, this period typically ranges from two weeks to four months, but it can extend up to a year or more. In cats, the incubation period is generally shorter, from three to eight weeks. The length of the incubation period depends on factors such as the location and severity of the bite and the amount of virus introduced.

Clinical Signs of Rabies

Rabies progresses through several stages, starting with the prodromal phase, which involves behavioral changes. Quiet animals may become agitated, while active pets might become nervous or shy.

  • Furious Rabies: This phase is characterized by extreme aggression, excitability, and the tendency to bite or chew objects. Dogs may exhibit pica (eating non-food items), and cats may show excessive drooling and muscle spasms that prevent swallowing.
  • Dumb Rabies: More common in dogs, this form involves progressive paralysis starting in the limbs and moving to the facial muscles, leading to difficulty swallowing and a comatose state before death.
  • Paralytic Stage: In cats, the third stage involves paralysis, leading to coma and death within ten days of symptom onset.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Rabies can only be definitively diagnosed post-mortem through the examination of brain tissue. There is no treatment for animals once symptoms have appeared. Therefore, prevention through vaccination is crucial.

Vaccination and Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing rabies. Some cities and states have rabies vaccination requirements for dogs and cats, regardless if they roam outdoors or stay indoors. Vaccination typically begins at three to four months of age, with booster shots administered according to veterinary guidelines. 

Human Exposure and Prevention

Rabies is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. If you are bitten by an unvaccinated animal, immediate medical attention is essential. Washing the wound thoroughly and seeking prompt medical advice can prevent the virus from taking hold. For those exposed to rabies, a series of post-exposure vaccinations can prevent the onset of symptoms.

Resources for Further Information

For more information on rabies in dogs and cats, and how to protect your pets and yourself, consider the following resources:

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Rabies
  2. World Health Organization (WHO) – Rabies
  3. American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) – Rabies
  4. RabiesAware.org

By staying informed and ensuring your pets are vaccinated, you can significantly reduce the risk of rabies and contribute to public health safety.

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Preparing Your Dog for Fireworks During the 4th of July 

Preparing Your Dog for Fireworks During the 4th of July 

The 4th of July is a time of celebration, but for many dogs, the fireworks can be a source of extreme stress and anxiety. Preparing your furry friend in advance can help minimize their fear and ensure a safer and more enjoyable holiday for both of you. Here are some tips to help you prepare your dog for fireworks this 4th of July. 

Create a Safe Space

Dogs often seek out a safe, enclosed space when they feel anxious. Set up a quiet, comfortable area in your home where your dog can retreat if they feel scared. This could be a crate, a specific room, or a corner with their bed and favorite toys. Make this area as cozy as possible with blankets and familiar items to help your dog feel secure.

Desensitize Your Dog to Fireworks Sounds

Gradually getting your dog used to the sounds of fireworks can help reduce their anxiety. Start by playing recordings of fireworks at a low volume while engaging your dog in positive activities like playing or eating treats. Gradually increase the volume over time, always ensuring your dog remains calm and comfortable. This process, known as desensitization, can take several weeks, so start well before the 4th of July .

Use Calming Products

There are various products available that can help calm your dog during fireworks. ThunderShirts, which apply gentle, constant pressure to your dog’s torso, can provide a calming effect. Additionally, consider using calming pheromone diffusers, sprays, or collars. These products release synthetic pheromones that mimic the calming pheromones produced by mother dogs, helping to soothe your pet.

Exercise Your Dog Beforehand

A tired dog is a calmer dog. Ensure your dog gets plenty of exercise on the day of the fireworks. A long walk, a vigorous play session, or a trip to the dog park can help expend their energy, making them more likely to relax during the evening fireworks .

Keep Your Dog Indoors

During fireworks displays, keep your dog indoors with windows and curtains closed to minimize the noise and visual stimuli. Turn on the TV or play some calming music to help drown out the sound of fireworks. Ensure all doors and windows are securely closed to prevent your dog from running away if they get scared.

Provide Distractions

Keep your dog occupied with their favorite toys or a long-lasting treat like a stuffed Kong. Puzzle toys that require your dog to work for their food can also be a great distraction and help keep their mind off the fireworks.

Stay Calm and Provide Comfort

Your dog can pick up on your emotions, so it’s essential to remain calm and composed. If your dog comes to you for comfort, provide it. Contrary to some beliefs, comforting your dog when they are scared does not reinforce their fear. Gentle petting, a soothing voice, and staying close can all help reassure your dog during the fireworks.

Consult Your Veterinarian

If your dog has severe anxiety, consult a veterinarian at a Hometown Veterinary Partners near you. They can recommend or prescribe medications that can help calm your dog during the fireworks. Additionally, your vet may suggest other techniques or behavioral therapies that can help manage your dog’s fear. 

10 Beach Safety Tips for Dogs

10 Beach Safety Tips for Dogs

Taking your dog to the beach can be a fantastic way to enjoy the outdoors and spend quality time together. However, just like humans, dogs need specific care and precautions to stay safe while having fun in the sun and surf. Here are 10 essential beach safety tips for your dog to ensure a great day by the sea.

1. Check the Beach Rules

Before heading to the beach, make sure dogs are allowed. Many beaches have specific hours or designated areas for dogs. Familiarize yourself with the local regulations to avoid any surprises.

2. Bring Fresh Water

Dogs can easily get dehydrated in the heat. Always bring plenty of fresh water and a portable bowl to keep your dog hydrated. Discourage your dog from drinking seawater, as it can cause stomach upset and dehydration.

3. Provide Shade

Dogs can overheat quickly, especially on hot, sunny days. Bring a beach umbrella or pop-up tent to provide a shaded area where your dog can rest and cool off.

4. Protect Their Paws

The sand can get extremely hot and can burn your dog’s paw pads. Check the sand’s temperature by placing your hand on it for a few seconds. If it’s too hot for you, it’s too hot for your dog. Consider walking your dog during cooler parts of the day and providing a towel or blanket for them to sit on.

5. Watch for Signs of Overheating

Dogs can suffer from heatstroke. Keep an eye out for signs such as excessive panting, drooling, lethargy, and vomiting. If you notice any of these symptoms, move your dog to a shaded area, offer water, and seek veterinary care immediately.

6. Use Pet-Friendly Sunscreen

Dogs can get sunburned, especially those with short hair or light-colored fur. Apply pet-friendly sunscreen to sensitive areas such as the nose, ears, and belly. Avoid using human sunscreen, as some ingredients can be toxic to dogs.

7. Swim Safely

Not all dogs are natural swimmers. Introduce your dog to the water gradually and never leave them unattended. Consider using a doggy life jacket for added safety, especially if your dog is not a strong swimmer or if the water conditions are rough.

8. Rinse Off Salt and Sand

Saltwater and sand can irritate your dog’s skin and paws. After your beach day, rinse your dog thoroughly with fresh water to remove any salt and sand. Pay special attention to their paws and between their toes.

9. Prevent Sand Ingestion

Dogs love to dig and play in the sand, but ingesting too much sand can cause intestinal blockages. Keep an eye on your dog and discourage excessive digging or eating sand.

10. Keep an Eye on Beach Hazards

Be aware of potential beach hazards such as sharp shells, jellyfish, seaweed, and trash that could harm your dog. Keep your dog on a leash if necessary to prevent them from encountering dangerous objects or wildlife.

 


About Hometown Veterinary Partners

Hometown Veterinary Partners is dedicated to providing compassionate care for your pets. Our team of experienced veterinarians and staff are passionate about animal health and well-being. From routine check-ups to urgent care, we’re here to support you and your pets. Visit us at Hometown Veterinary Partners to learn more and schedule an appointment.

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Pet-Friendly Plants to Spruce Up Your Space

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Having a pet shouldn’t mean giving up your dreams of a vibrant, plant-filled home. Many beautiful and interesting plants are safe for curious cats and playful pups. So, ditch the plastic ferns and fake flowers, and let’s add some life to your living space!

Low-Light & Low-Maintenance Plants

    • Snake Plant (Sansevieria)
    • Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum)
    • Air Plants (Tillandsia spp.)
    • Cast Iron Plant (Aspidistra elatior)
    • Peperomia Obtusifolia

Snake Plant (Sansevieria): This architectural wonder is nearly indestructible. It thrives in low light and infrequent watering, making it perfect for busy pet parents.

Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum): This cascading plant is a popular choice for a reason. It’s easy to propagate – those spiderettes dangling from the mother plant are new plant starts! – and tolerates neglect.

Air Plants (Tillandsia spp.): These unique plants don’t even need soil! They absorb moisture and nutrients from the air, making them perfect for terrariums or hanging planters that are out of reach from curious pets.

Cast Iron Plant (Aspidistra elatior) – As the name suggests, this nearly indestructible plant can handle low light, infrequent watering, and the occasional curious canine. Cast iron plants are slow growers, but their deep green foliage adds a touch of sophistication to any room.

Peperomia Obtusifolia: This little succulent is a trooper. It thrives on neglect and tolerates low light conditions, making it a perfect choice for busy pet parents. The Peperomia Obtusifolia comes in a variety of textures and colors, so you can find one to match your décor.

Brighter Light & Moderate Care Plants

    • Rattlesnake Plant (Calathea lancifolia)
    • Bromeliad (Aechmea spp.)
    • Calathea Orbifolia

Rattlesnake Plant: This vibrantly patterned prayer plant is a conversation starter. With its oblong, variegated leaves, it adds a touch of drama to any room. Non-toxic to pets, the Rattlesnake Plant prefers bright, indirect light and medium humidity.

Bromeliad (Aechmea spp.) – These brightly colored tropical plants come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and their spiky foliage deters most dogs from taking a bite. Bromeliads are low-maintenance plants that require minimal watering and prefer bright, indirect light.

Calathea Orbifolia: Nicknamed the “Living Pinstripe Plant” for its dramatic markings, this eye-catching calathea adds a touch of the tropics to your home. While it prefers medium light and humidity, it’s generally non-toxic to pets, making it a great choice for style-conscious pet lovers.

Succulents & Unique Varieties:

    • Chinese Money Plant (Pilea Peperomioides)
    • Money Tree (Pachira Aquatica)
    • Hoya Varieties (Hoya carnosa)
    • Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans)

Chinese Money Plant (Pilea Peperomioides): Also known as the Pancake Plant or UFO Plant, this little gem is a favorite for its round, coin-shaped leaves. Easy to care for and propagate, it’s a popular choice for beginner plant parents (and their furry friends!).

Money Tree (Pachira Aquatica): This braided beauty is thought to bring prosperity to its owner. While the jury’s out on the feng shui, it’s undeniable that this lush plant, with its glossy green leaves, adds a touch of the tropics to any space.

Hoya Varieties (Hoya carnosa): Hoyas are known for their beautiful waxy flowers and fragrant blooms. The Hoya carnosa, also known as the Wax Plant, is a popular choice for pet owners as it’s non-toxic and relatively low maintenance. Just be patient – Hoyas are slow growers but well worth the wait!

Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans): Looking for a low-maintenance way to add a touch of elegance to your space? Look no further than the Parlor Palm. This shade-loving plant is slow-growing and doesn’t require frequent watering, making it perfect for forgetful pet parents and clumsy paws.

 

Planting Tips for Pets

  • Keep It Out of Reach: Place plants on high shelves or hang them from the ceiling to keep them out of the reach of nibbling pets. Consider using decorative plant stands or macrame plant hangers to create a stylish and pet-safe display.
  • Choose Wisely: Do your research before bringing a new plant home. The ASPCA maintains a list of toxic and non-toxic plants for cats and dogs https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants. If you’re ever curious as to whether a certain indoor plant is a safe investment for your home, the ASPCA also has an extensive list of plants to avoid (including both indoor and outdoor plants).
  • Provide Enrichment: Give your pets plenty of their own toys and chew items to keep them from getting bored and turning to your plants for entertainment. Rotate your pet’s toys regularly to keep them interesting, and schedule playtime for active dogs to help burn off excess energy.

With a little planning, you can create a beautiful and pet-friendly home that you and your furry companions can enjoy. Live plants not only add a touch of beauty to your space but can also help purify the air. So why not bring a little bit of nature indoors?

If you suspect that your pet has ingested a poisonous plant, contact an emergency vet or a local Hometown Veterinary Partners hospital nearest you during open hours.Â